![]() ![]() Chemical weapons were used in the war despite the Hague Conventions of 18 having outlawed the use of such weapons in warfare. ![]() War crimes were perpetrated in World War I. The same strategic considerations also ensured that the combatants would strike at each other's colonies, thus spreading the wars far more widely than those of pre-Columbian times. The fact that the powers involved had large overseas empires virtually guaranteed that such a war would be worldwide, as the colonies' resources would be a crucial strategic factor. That caused a very minute conflict between two countries to have the potential to set off a domino effect of alliances, triggering a world war. It had been recognized that the complex system of opposing military alliances (the German and Austro-Hungarian Empires against the British, Russian, and French Empires) was likely, if war broke out, to lead to a worldwide conflict. In terms of human technological history, the scale of World War I was enabled by the technological advances of the second industrial revolution and the resulting globalization that allowed global power projection and mass production of military hardware. Other languages have also adopted the "world war" terminology, for example in French: "world war" is translated as guerre mondiale, in German: Weltkrieg (which, prior to the war, had been used in the more abstract meaning of a global conflict), in Italian: guerra mondiale, in Spanish and Portuguese: guerra mundial, in Danish and Norwegian: verdenskrig, in Russian: мировая война ( mirovaya voyna), and in Finnish: maailmansota. Speculative fiction authors had been noting the concept of a Second World War in 19, when Milo Hastings wrote his dystopian novel, City of Endless Night. One week earlier, on September 4, the day after France and the United Kingdom declared war on Germany, the Danish newspaper Kristeligt Dagblad used the term on its front page, saying "The Second World War broke out yesterday at 11 a.m." ![]() The first use for the actual war came in its issue of September 11, 1939. In the same article, on page 32, the term "World War II" was first used speculatively to describe the upcoming war. The term "World War I" was coined by Time magazine on page 28b of its Jissue. Charles à Court Repington, as a title for his memoirs (published in 1920) he had noted his discussion on the matter with a Major Johnstone of Harvard University in his diary entry of September 10, 1918. In English, the term "First World War" had been used by Lt-Col. will become the first world war in the full sense of the word", citing a wire service report in The Indianapolis Star on 20 September 1914. The term "first world war" was first used in September 1914 by German biologist and philosopher Ernst Haeckel, who claimed that "there is no doubt that the course and character of the feared 'European War' . Anderson in 1889 described an episode in Teutonic mythology as a "world war" (Swedish: världskrig), justifying this description by a line in an Old Norse epic poem, " Völuspá: folcvig fyrst I heimi" ("The first great war in the world".) German writer August Wilhelm Otto Niemann had used the term "world war" in the title of his anti-British novel, Der Weltkrieg: Deutsche Träume ( The World War: German Dreams) in 1904, published in English as The Coming Conquest of England. The Oxford English Dictionary cited the first known usage in the English language to a Scottish newspaper, The People's Journal, in 1848: "A war among the great powers is now necessarily a world-war." The term "world war" is used by Karl Marx and his associate, Friedrich Engels, in a series of articles published around 1850 called The Class Struggles in France. ![]()
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